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Finance & Investment

Jen Richardson’s 123 approach to ‘fixing’ superannuation

By Leon Gettler, Talking Business >>

WHAT’S THE BEST way to increase superannuation?

Jen Richardson, the founder and sole director of the successful financial services company 123 Financial Group, has a number of answers.

First, there is the gender pay gap in super.

Ms Richardson said a lot of businesses, depending on their industry, employ male workers who are by-and-large better paid.

“We tend to work fewer hours when our children are young and we also work fewer hours in our latter years when we are caring for parents, so we do end up with less going into our superannuation because superannuation is a product of our wage – unless you take proactive approach, and that’s what I do with the education of women,” Ms Richardson told Talking Business. Jen Richardson 123 Financial Group relaxed with laptop

“You’re not going to get enough in your superannuation to sustain your life if you don’t take a proactive approach to superannuation either by putting in a pre-tax contribution or a post-tax contribution or non-concessional, that is, one not being claimed as a tax deduction.”

Give female employees good info on better managing super

Ms Richardson said employers needed to educate women that they can employ such strategies.

“That discussion from an employers’ point of view to their staff is, do you want to do some salary sacrificing?” she said.

“A lot of staff don’t know they can do that through their payroll system

“Just that knowledge will build their superannuation. It also makes them a more valuable employee because they can see they’re getting financial benefits over and above what a lot of other people are getting “

Ms Richardson said employees could either salary sacrifice or do post-tax contributions and then claim deductions in their tax return.

“The thing I love about the salary sacrifice is it’s gone before you can make a decision,” she said.

“The salary sacrifice takes it out of your control and your payroll department will do it

“The other side of it is you get the tax benefit straight away.”

Ms Richardson said a lot of tradies did not have enough contributed to their super.

“A lot of tradies are sole traders, so there’s no compulsion to have superannuation,” she said.

“If you have a block of chocolate, you’re going to eat that chocolate. So the tradies look at the money coming in and it’s all spent with the cost of living and there’s nothing that gets put aside when they’re an employee.

“So then conversations I have with my clients is ‘treat your income like you are an employee and put that superannuation away every week, or at least every month when you are paid’.”

Ideally, put money into super every week

Ms Richardson said, ideally, that money should be allocated into super every week.

“It’s just because if you put away $20-$30 every week, at least it’s something,” she said.

“$20-$30 a week you’re probably not going to miss. But if you have to find $1000 at the end of the month, you will struggle to find it because you will have spent it.”

Ms Richardson said the key to doing this was simply to set it up as an automatic payment.

“As humans, if we have to do something, we tend not to do it whereas if its automated, then it just happens in the background and you don’t have a choice.,” she said. Leon Gettler suit 300pxw

“So set your superannuation up so that every Friday or every Monday morning a certain amount comes out and that way, at least, it happens regularly.”

www.123financialgroup.com.au

www.leongettler.com


Hear the complete interview and catch up with other topical business news on Leon Gettler’s Talking Business podcast, released every Friday at www.acast.com/talkingbusiness 

https://shows.acast.com/talkingbusiness/episodes/talking-business-33-interview-with-jen-richardson-from-123-f


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CPA warning: 850,000 family trusts face $2.8b advice bill under proposed minimum tax regime

CERTIFIED Practising Accountants (CPA) Australia wants the Federal Government to address major uncertainty and compliance concerns in its proposed 30% minimum tax on discretionary trusts. CPAs are warning that taxpayers could incur up to $2.8 billion in professional advice costs simply to determine how the new regime applies to them.

Australia’s largest accounting body, CPA Australia said it supported the policy objective of the new arrangement, but in today’s submission to the Federal Treasury outlined key elements “that risk creating unintended consequences for family businesses, trustees and beneficiaries”.

Under the Treasury’s exposure draft, discretionary trusts in existence on July 1, 2028 may elect into a regime that avoids both the minimum tax and the need to restructure into a company. The election can only be made once during the 2028-29 income year and cannot be reversed.

CPA tax lead, Jenny Wong said the measure reached far more taxpayers than Treasury’s estimates suggested. Jenny Wong tax lead CPA Australia

“Treasury has costed this on around 350,000 small businesses,” Ms Wong said. “But 850,000 discretionary trusts lodge a return each year, and every one of those trustees has to decide whether to elect – because if you don’t decide, you’ve decided.

“On our modelling, the cost of professional advice alone is between $2.0 to $2.8 billion. That’s incurred before anyone restructures, and whether or not a single trust elects. It’s the cost of working out the answer, not the cost of complying with it,” Ms Wong said.

“This isn’t the cost of paying the tax. It’s the cost of working out what to do about it.”

CPA Australia said the proposed Election to Exclude Trusts (EET) is a genuine attempt to provide family businesses with an alternative to restructuring into a company. However, the legislation provides no certainty that making the election will not trigger state or territory stamp duty.

While explanatory materials state duty is “not expected” to arise, no legislative provision guarantees that outcome and no state or territory government has formally agreed to it.

“A family business shouldn’t have to guess how state duty law will treat a decision it can never undo,” Ms Wong said.

CPA Australia has written to all state and territory Treasurers urging them to clarify their position and work through the issue with the Commonwealth.

“This is a coordination problem, not a policy disagreement, and there are more than 21 months to fix it,” Ms Wong said.

The CPA submission also identified design features that could result in some beneficiaries paying more tax than their own marginal rate.

Under the proposal, beneficiary credits would not be refundable. CPA Australia modelling shows a beneficiary whose only income is a trust distribution could lose $9,748 a year on distributions between $45,000 and $135,000.

“That’s the same amount whether you’re on $50,000 or $130,000, and the measure raises revenue from nobody else,” Ms Wong said.

“An adult child studying full-time and a retired beneficiary with no other income are treated exactly the same as someone in a genuine income splitting arrangement. The provision looks at the rate, not the reason.”

CPA Australia also warned that the gap could widen over time because the proposed minimum tax is fixed at 30%, while personal income tax rates may change.

“Each time personal tax is cut, a beneficiary of a minimum tax trust falls further behind a wage earner on the same income, without anyone having decided that should happen. That will need to be considered in any future reform to personal income tax thresholds,” Ms Wong said.

CPA Australia’s submission argues that denying the credit to family companies is driving much of the disruption associated with the reforms.

“If a family company could simply receive the credit, that income would be taxed at 30% where it already sits. A great many of these businesses would have no reason to elect and no reason to restructure at all. One change would take most of the problem away.”

CPA Australia is calling on the Federal Government to better target the beneficiary credit, align the minimum rate with future personal tax changes, make the offset available to corporate beneficiaries, provide legislative certainty around the EET election, resolve stamp duty issues before taxpayers are required to make an irrevocable choice, and make restructuring costs immediately tax deductible.

“We accept the policy objective. It can be achieved without taxing people above their own rate, and without this level of cost and uncertainty,” Ms Wong said.

www.cpaaustralia.com.au


About CPA Australia   

CPA Australia is one of the largest professional accounting bodies in the world with more than 176,000 members in over 100 countries and regions. CPA Australia’s core services include education, training, technical support and advocacy. cpaaustralia.com.au


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Nayax process develops extraordinary flexibility with cashless payment technologies

By Leon Gettler, Talking Business >>

THE FUTURE of fintech is growing. And it’s remarkable.

Take the story for example of Nayax, a global fintech leader in cashless payment technology servicing unattended devices like vending machines, self-serve car washes, EV chargers and coffee machines.

Dylan Winik, Oceana CEO at Nayax, said the global company takes care of all the unattended devices.

“There’s a very large amount of unattended machines in the country as well as the world that require payments,” Mr Winik told Talking Business.

“Specifically in Australia, 90% of payments were contactless, were cashless. Nayax Grow without adding a machine CEO Dylan Winik

“So cash is on the downfall and we are applying the full A to Z service,” he said. “Not only the card reader but we also provide the full back end solutions, the banking solutions, but also the back end solutions so that customers can actually manage their whole business including stock control if it’s a vending machine – which machines need to be filled up, setting levels, managing how much money is going in and out.”

Sizeable infrastructure coverage

That requires a lot of infrastructure. Nayax has 1500 employees globally and has multiple server banks in different continents that actively sync between each other – and that keeps the firm reliable across the globe.

“They actively work together with the different server banks across the world so that should we need to do an upgrade or change or have an issue with an Australian server, out customers would not have any impact or know that’s something was going on. We would just bounce off the other servers around the world,” he said.

Mr Winik said there would be no time lost and all the devices have roaming SIMs in them.

When the Optus outage occurred two years ago, Nayax clients seamlessly bounced to Telstra or Vodaphone and didn’t experience any problem.

“Our devices picked the strongest network at the time and if that that stronger network became unavailable, it bounced to a secondary network,” he said.

Mr Winik said Nayax is consistently looking at the market to find different scenarios of what is and what isn’t available.

This means it is putting a lot of its profits into R&D.

“We have six or seven hundred people in our head office, the majority of them are developers and technical people who are consistently working around the clock to develop new features and functionality to keep us ahead of the market,” he said.

“A lot of our profits are reinvested in R&D in order to gap into new verticals.” 

New Nyax retail device being launched

Mr Winik said, this quarter, Nayax would be introducing a new retail device. Dylan Winik Nayax

“Imagine walking into a hotel and part of your hotel key which you use to get into your door,” he said.

“And you walk downstairs there is a vending machine at one or two o’clock in the morning which you can use – not with your credit card but with your hotel key.

“You arrive downstairs in the parking lot and you start an EV charger using your hotel key.

“When you walk into the bar area and you’re buying dinner or a drink. Imagine the ecosystem where you can tap your room key.

“And when you check out, it will itemise everything,”

Mr Winik said the R&D is never-ending. 

“We are consistently thinking of new features and benefits, new markets to break into, new businesses to acquire globally,” he said. Leon Gettler suit 300pxw

“It’s the beginning.” 

www.nayax.com

www.leongettler.com


Hear the complete interview and catch up with other topical business news on Leon Gettler’s Talking Business podcast, released every Friday at www.acast.com/talkingbusiness 

https://shows.acast.com/talkingbusiness/episodes/talking-business-28-interview-with-dylan-winik-from-nayax


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Australia’s tax changes on trusts are ‘generationally’ impactful for family businesses

By Leon Gettler, Talking Business >>

THE ALBANESE LABOR GOVERNMENT's Federal Budget changes mean that it’s the first time in a generation that the considerations for investments, from a tax point of view, will be different.

Darren Connolly, the CEO of Investment Markets, said with the Budget changes, investors needed to look at their portfolios and see if they were still set up ‘right’ for them.

“Fundamentally, you should never make a decision based on the tax rate,” Mr Connolly told Talking Business. “But the challenge for investors is to consider what is my after tax return going to look like and where will I get it -- because different types of investments provide different returns.

“There are different mixes of returns between income and capital growth.” Darren Connolly CEO InvestmentMarkets Image2 LOW RES

Change of perspectives on income

Mr Connolly said this new tax approach meant investors needed to ask whether they preferred a higher level of certainty on their income versus “rolling the dice on something that has little income but potentially larger capital returns further down the line”.

At the same time, this would also carry a risk of keeping less of that capital gain.

“It’s a bird in the hand consideration to some extent,” Mr Connolly said.

“I think a lot of people will move their focus to the relative benefit of income and investments that provide more certainty.”

Rise in superannuation investment

Mr Connolly said this could also see many more investors putting their money into superannuation.

“Super is unaffected and it is the number one place for most people to out their investment dollars from an after tax point of view,” he said.

“I would fully expect investors to be increasingly maximising the amount they can put into super to the relevant different caps.”

Mr Connolly said, outside of super, there were fixed income funds and commercial property investments, particularly if there were tax-deferred elements to that type of investment, which will be relatively more appealing to investors.

Australia also has the benefit of franking credits delivering 8-9% yields every single year with less risk of a capital gain.

Adapt to new investment environment

Mr Connolly said whether investors agreed with the 2026 tax reforms changes or not, they had to adapt to the new environment.

“There are always changes in the investment environment,” he said.

“It’s interest rates, inflation, the economy, taxes. They are some of the things you need to consider but not the only thing to consider.

“What we encourage investors to do is to look at their portfolio and consider whether it’s still right for them.

“That’s a good piece of housekeeping that everybody should be doing.”

Mr Connolly said the big change was the government announcing it would introduce a 30% minimum tax on discretionary trusts from July 1, 2028. The minimum tax will apply at the trustee level.

Non-corporate beneficiaries who are presently entitled to a share of the net income of the trust will be able to claim a non-refundable income tax credit for the tax paid by the trustee on that income.

“Wrapping into all that will be the structure you are holding your investments in,” Mr Connolly said.  Leon Gettler suit 300pxw

“Having a minimum 30% on trusts is certainly going to have an impact on people holding business assets or business premises in a trust structure.” 

www.investmentmarkets.com.au

www.leongettler.com


Hear the complete interview and catch up with other topical business news on Leon Gettler’s Talking Business podcast, released every Friday at www.acast.com/talkingbusiness 

https://shows.acast.com/talkingbusiness/episodes/talking-business-23-interview-with-darren-connolly-from-inve


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John Hanna has spent a lifetime explaining his financial vision

By Leon Gettler, Talking Business>>

WHAT ARE THE SECRETS to becoming so wealthy that you don’t have to worry about your next pay coming in? Why do people sabotage themselves? How do they build confidence to manage themselves financially?

John Hanna, the strategic advisor at Est Financial, has spent his life solving these issues.

It goes back to the time when his parents emigrated from Egypt in 1969. He and his brother watched them work hard and that experience left John with the determination to become a millionaire. John Hanna speaking strategic advisor est financial

“Growing up, for me, the biggest void was money – so what became important for me was pursuing wealth,’’ Mr Hanna told Talking Business.

“I just wanted to become a millionaire, I wanted to achieve wealth.

“So to answer your question, if you don’t feel you deserve something, it will be taken away from you,” Mr Hanna said.

“So I think the first thing people (have) to look at as they are attracting a level of wealth is: why do they deserve it?

“If your ‘why’ is big enough, the ‘hows’ will take care of themselves.”

Property investment reasoning

Mr Hanna said people should invest in property “for the right reasons”.

“I get a lot of clients saying: ‘I just want to reduce my tax’,” he said.

“The real reason you should invest in property is for long term capital growth.

“Can you make money by flipping properties and investing short term? Yes. But the average person can also lose money if the market is zigging when it should be zagging.

“So if you look at property as a long term investment, the main reason of supplementing your income when you come to retire, the chances are that you’ll do better.”

‘Defining’ wealth is important too

Mr Hanna defines wealth as “how many days, weeks, months or years you could live comfortably if you stopped working”.

“Most of the people that I speak to, if their income was to stop today for some reason, they’re maybe three weeks, three months away from technical bankruptcy,” he said.

“So the ‘who’ premise of what I do is helping people get to a point where they’ve got a portfolio of investment properties so by the time they come to retire, the rental income from those properties is at least equal to if not great than they income they were used to earn from their 9-to-5 job,” Mr Hanna said.

“So the psychology behind property is: you buy, you hold, you build, so when you come to retire, you’re not relying on the pension, you’re not relying on family and friends.”

Mr Hanna said there was only one way people could move from fear and nervousness to financial confidence: slowly.

He said most people want to do it overnight, but that, he warned, “is too risky”.

“One of the first things I tell people is to save a portion of what you earn,” Mr Hanna said.

“If we can handle a plus or minus 10% in our income, without having emotional volatility.

“Anything less than that, if we lose more than 10%, we go into fear, we regress and we also make unwise decisions,” Mr Hanna said.

“So the first thing I say to people is, ‘Save 10% … 10% of what you make is yours to keep.” Leon Gettler suit 300pxw

www.est.com.au

www.leongettler.com


Hear the complete interview and catch up with other topical business news on Leon Gettler’s Talking Business podcast, released every Friday at www.acast.com/talkingbusiness 

https://shows.acast.com/talkingbusiness/episodes/talking-business-20-interview-with-john-hanna-from-est-finan


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Pepperstone Crypto research chief Chris Weston welcomes stronger regulation

By Leon Gettler, Talking Business >>

CRYPTOCURRENCY, digital money created an alternative government issue currency, has major advantages over traditional money transfers. Think privacy, security decentralisation and speed.

Examples include Bitcoin and Ethereum. 

But there are disadvantages. These include instability, with crypto prices changing quickly; the environmental impact with studies showing that worldwide crypto mining requires twice as much energy to power homes; potential for abuse with crypto’s anonymous nature meaning illicit transactions are impossible to trace; as well as tax and legal issues.

But Chris Weston, Pepperstone Crypto’s head of research, is backing stronger regulation. Pepperstone Crypto wants greater transparency, and it wants to push down costs for everyday traders. 

Australia leads in crypto adoption

Mr Weston said the adoption rates of crypto in Australia were higher on a relative basis than anywhere else in the world.

“We think there’s an edge on the pricing situation,” Mr Weston told Talking Business.

“From a cost perspective, there’s an increasing transparency angle where if you look at what it costs to buy and sell crypto, there’s a fee involved and also a spread.”

Mr Weston said, from a costing perspective, there was the chance for Pepperstone to be cheaper and more transparent and offer better liquidity conditions for the domestic market.

“We know the market, we know the regulations and from a trader and investor experience perspective, there’s the transparency angel that can be solved and heightened and we’re trying to address it,” he said.

Mr Weston said the volatility of crypto could be an attribute for people looking to diversify their portfolios.

“It depends on who you are and your risk tolerance and what you’re trying to achieve,” he said.

“The volatility is an attribute to some people. If you’re trying to spread the variance in your portfolio, having a high volatility asset can increase diversification.

“Of course, if you’re super low risk across all your investments, then crypto may not be the asset you’d look at. Bur for a large period of time, having a high volatility asset can be advantageous.”

Volatility has worked for crypto in the US

Mr Weston said the US has been a good example of this, where there are spot ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds), regulated investment funds that hold actual, underlying assets in safe storage and track the market price in real-time.

These allow investors to gain direct exposure to assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum through a standard brokerage account without needing digital wallets.

Mr Weston said this has given institutional investors and high net worth individuals a compliant vehicle to buy sport crypto

The bottom line, however, is that so many Australians are now investing in crypto.

“What we’ve seen locally is there’s been a huge adoption story in Australia,” Mr Weston said.

 “30% of Australians have invested in crypto at some stage. Younger cohorts of people have a strong interest in it.

“The adoption rates in Australia have been really strong.”

Mr Weston said crypto had held up really well during the US-Iran conflict.

“Much better than gold,” he said.

“It’s outperformed during this geopolitical conflict and higher inflation regime.”

Mr Weston said Pepperstone wanted transparency in the crypto market.

“That’s what builds trust,” he said. 

www.pepperstone.com

www.leongettler.com

 


Hear the complete interview and catch up with other topical business news on Leon Gettler’s Talking Business podcast, released every Friday at www.acast.com/talkingbusiness 

https://shows.acast.com/talkingbusiness/episodes/talking-business-17-interview-with-chris-weston-from-peppers


 

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Australia’s new Productivity Tax … work smarter, pay more capital gains tax? Prof. Holden asks the question

By Richard Holden >>

EDITOR’S PREVIEW

PROFESSOR RICHARD HOLDEN researched the Federal Labor Government’s taxation direction in the 2026 Federal Budget and was horrified to deduce that its effect would be to place extra tax on businesses that are actually improving their productivity. Productivity is – up until now it seems – what Australian Governments encourage.

Productivity improvement has been the cornerstone of Australia’s mantra for genuine economic development for decades, even before the 1998 Act of Parliament that replaced the Industry Commission, the Bureau of Industry Economics and the Economic Planning Advisory Commission.

A generation before that Act, in 1974 the Industries Assistance Commission was established, replacing the problematic Australian Tariff Board, which was simply a name change in 1989 to the Industry Commission, all designed to build business growth through the broadening of free trade globally and the corresponding business productivity growth that is required – and largely achieved competitively – through technological and training improvements.

Professor Holden has spotted something that is an unexpected consequence of taxation changes – mainly directed at restoring a fairer market for home buyers – and Australia should pay attention. >>


Author >> Professor Richard Holden >>

>> NEW economic analysis, released for the first time this week, has found that the tax changes in the 2026 Federal Budget create Australia’s first ever by-design ‘Productivity Tax’.

A Productivity Tax exists when the interplay of different taxes means high productivity businesses pay a higher tax rate then low productivity business.

A high productivity business is a business that grows fast, at a speed above inflation, low productivity businesses grow more slowly, usually at or below the inflation rate.

High productivity businesses create more jobs, and more economic activity. Low productivity businesses do the opposite, often shedding jobs over time.

In a profound oversight, economic analysis released today shows that the new business tax regime announced in last week’s Budget create this exact situation.

Two identical businesses, delivering the exact same service, one highly productive, the other unproductive, will now face vastly different effective capital gains tax rates.

As the example below shows, the high productivity businesses, the business that creates more jobs, and more economic growth, will pay a vastly higher rate of capital gains tax on the sale of the business, than a low productivity low growth business.

Consider the example below:

There are two industrial cleaning businesses started at the same time, by two different husband-and-wife teams. Both couples are in their early thirties.

Business 1 is a low productivity business. Business 2 is high productivity.

They both begin with an initial investment of $450,000. This is the life savings of both husband-and-wife teams. Both businesses generate $2,000,000 of revenue in their first year. Both have 4 employees, and both generate a profit of $150,000 in their first year.

Over the next five years, Business 1 – the low productivity business – grows at 3% a year, ends up generating a profit of a little over $300,000 in the 5th year, and is sold for 4 times that—around $1.2 million. It still employs 4 people. With inflation at 3% a year Business 1 has a taxable capital gain of $680,000. Under the new capital gains tax regime, they pay 47 cents on the dollar, or about $320,000 in CGT. That’s an effective tax rate of 26.6% of the sale price.

Over the same five years Business 2 – the high productivity business – grows at 15% a year each year for 5 years. They end up employing 6 people. They also sell it for 4 times the year 5 profit of $1.05 million, or $4.2 million. They have a taxable capital gain of $3.67 million, pay $1.7 million in CGT, for an effective tax rate of 41.2% of the sale price.

Both businesses took a risk, grew a business, employed people, and paid tax, and both sold for the same multiple of profit. It’s just that Business 2 was more productive.

In return for this high productivity the couple who started Business 2 are punished with a capital gains tax rate more than 55% higher than the owners of Business 1.

In other words, the new tax system will now punish businesses more likely to create jobs and economic growth, and reward businesses more likely to shed jobs.

This is the worst possible plan for a country in need of more jobs, and more economic growth. It’s a Productivity Tax in the middle of a productivity crisis.

Unfortunately, that is the perverse logic of a Productivity Tax, they punish high productivity businesses for doing well, growing fast, and creating more jobs.

Young people will pay the biggest price for this profound policy error, because they will miss out on the jobs, growth, and prosperity that productive businesses create.

(For the full workings of the two examples above, see Annex 1 below).

 

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Professor Richard Holden, FASSA FES FRSN, is the vice-chancellor’s professor and chief societal economist at the University of NSW Business School. www.unsw.edu.au


SUPPORTING EVIDENCE

ANNEX 1 — Full workings

Both businesses begin with identical $450,000 initial investment, $2,000,000 Year 1

revenue, 4 employees, and $150,000 Year 1 profit. The only difference is the revenue

growth rate.

Business 1 — Low Productivity Business

Growth rate: 3.0% p.a. | Inflation rate: 3.0% p.a. | Initial investment: $450,000

                           Year 1              Year 2             Year 3             Year 4            Year 5

Revenues        $2,000,000      $2,060,000     $2,121,800      $2,185,454      $2,251,018

Fixed costs     $1,050,000      $1,050,000      $1,050,000      $1,050,000      $1,050,000

Variable costs $800,000        $824,000        $848,720         $874,182        $900,407

Costs                $1,850,000      $1,874,000      $1,898,720      $1,924,182       $1,950,407

Profit                $150,000         $186,000         $223,080         $261,272         $300,611

Employees      4                      4                      4                      4                      4

 

Cumulative profit (Years 1–5)          $1,120,963

Indexed investment                           $521,673

Sale multiple                               4x Year 5 profit

Sale price                                              $1,202,442

Capital Gain                                          $680,769

CGT @ 47%                                            $319,961

Net gain                                                 $360,808

Effective tax rate                                 26.6%


Business 2 — High Productivity Business 

Growth rate: 15.0% p.a. | Inflation rate: 3.0% p.a. | Initial investment: $450,000

                          Year 1               Year 2              Year 3             Year 4             Year 5

Revenues        $2,000,000       $2,300,000      $2,645,000     $3,041,750      $3,498,012

Fixed costs     $1,050,000       $1,050,000       $1,050,000      $1,050,000      $1,050,000

Variable costs  $800,000       $920,000           $1,058,000     $1,216,700      $1,399,205

Costs                $1,850,000       $1,970,000        $2,108,000      $2,266,700    $2,449,205

Profit                $150,000          $330,000          $537,000         $775,050       $1,048,807

Employees      4                      4                        5                       6                       6

 

Cumulative profit (Years 1–5)         $2,840,857

Indexed investment                          $521,673

Sale multiple                            4x Year 5 profit

Sale price                                            $4,195,230

Capital Gain                                       $3,673,557

CGT @ 47%                                         $1,726,572

Net gain                                              $1,946,985

Effective tax rate                              41.2%


Summary comparison

Effective tax rate — Low Productivity   26.6%

Effective tax rate — High Productivity  41.2%

Tax multiple (High ÷ Low)                        1.55x


ends