THE Retail Supply Chain Alliance unions -- the AWU, TWU and SDA -- are demanding a Royal Commission into the exploitation, wage theft and abuse "that is rife across Australian farms" in the wake of another explosive new report into the Australian horticulture sector.
The McKell Institute report, Blue Harvest, focused on blueberry pickers in the Coffs Harbour region, where thousands of backpackers flocked in search of farm work during coronavirus lockdowns in 2020.
An investigations team traversed the mid North Coast, gathering data and stories from blueberry workers employed during the 2020 picking season. Some were paid as little as $4 a bucket to pick low-quality fruit, while others earned just $3 an hour -- well below the award rate of $24 an hour.[1] Others described common employment arrangements where accomodation, transport, food, and even vital equipment like gloves and berry containers had to be bought directly from farm-owners, reducing daily earnings.
The report also investigates how many workers are recruited by fly-by-night labour hire companies which use Facebook, WeChat and Gumtree to falsely promote fruit-picking as highly paid, fun work.
Retail Supply Chain Alliance spokesperson, AWU national secretary Daniel Walton, said after years of hand wringing, inquiries and reports, it was time for action.
“This shocking new report can be added to the mountain of research indicating that Australian farms have become a hotbed of wage theft, exploitation, and worker abuse. It’s not just Coffs Harbour either – pick a spot on the map, and you will find outrageous exploitation. ” Mr Walton said.
“It’s about time David Littleproud (National Parfty deputy leader) woke up and took some responsibility for the sector he’s supposed to be in charge of. Under Mr Littleproud’s watch, Australian farms have developed an addiction to illegality and a domestic and international reputation as a place where you are likely to be ripped off or worse," Mr Walton said. "The Minister needs to stand up and announce his support for a Royal Commission urgently.
“This idea that exploitation is limited to a few bad apples needs to be done away with. This is a sector defined by and built on illegality. By turning a blind eye, the government has created a system of rules and structures that rewards labour abusers and punishes those operators doing the right thing. We’d like to see good farmers stand with us and call out the bad operators, rather than staying silent and let the rip offs continue.
“It doesn’t need to be this way. There are developed nations that produce abundant horticultural exports without relying on labour exploitation to subside their product. Australia needs to decide if we want to take the ethical, high-productivity route or the unethical, labour exploitation route. To inform this decision we need a root and branch examination of the sector and a Royal Commission is the ideal vehicle."
Australian workers becoming victims
Natalie Trigwell, a picker featured in the report, lost her Northern Rivers home in the bushfires and decided to take up farm work in Coffs Harbour region.
“I packed everything in the campervan and headed off berry picking, just out of sheer desperation. I went down there and found that I was earning $15-20 per day,” she said.
McKell Institute policy director Edward Cavanough said the backpackers he spoke to felt intimidated and “powerless to complain”.
“These foreign workers are often aware they are being exploited, but feel frightened and uncertain about making formal complaints,” Mr Cavanough said.
“Those who do complain often face hurdles like language barriers and bureaucratic delays which means their allegations are never investigated.”
Key findings of the report
- No worker shortage in Coffs Harbour
The COVID-19 outbreak actually increased numbers of migrant workers (mainly Working Holiday Makers) to around 2000 in the Coffs area during the study.
- The rapid growth of industry has led to bad behaviour
An increase of blueberry farms over five years has resulted in an influx of labour-hirers who exploit anabundance of short-term workers.
- Backpackers are being set up for exploitation
Tourists on the Working Holiday Maker visa wanting to extend their stay are vulnerable to underpayment, because of rules requiring them to work 88 days in regional Australia.
- Wage theft is a business model
Some workers have alleged gross underpayments as low as $3 an hour, orchestrated through the systemic abuse of piece-rates.
The McKell report also outlined a range of simple reforms including a crackdown on rogue recruiters, stronger penalties, greater enforcement from workplace investigators, reforms of Australia’s visa schemes and new laws to ensure farmers are required to pay a minimum hourly rate.
The Australian Workers’ Union, the Transport Workers’ Union, and the Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees' Association, jointly funded the investigation through their Retail Supply Chain Alliance. The Alliance believes the issues uncovered in Coffs Harbour is a mere microcosm of the industry where everyday workers harvesting grapes, berries, flowers, vegetables and fruits are systemically underpaid.
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